The research Process Essay -- essays research papers fc

Processes of research by Jonathan Guy In this essay I will outline the primary methods of conducting research, their advantages and disadvantages and will outline where they are best utilised. In addition to this, I will select certain methods of research that I believe will be applicable to my own dissertation and state why I will use those particular methods to conduct my own research. The first question we should ask is what is research? John C. Merriam considers research as â€Å"a reaching out to bring together, organise and interpret what ever may be added to our store of knowledge†¦most truly exemplified when it involves the wider relationship of specific facts to the whole structure of knowledge†. (C. Merriam, 1941, pg890) In other words, something should be considered research when it adds to what we already know, especially if it does so through adding facts to out structure of knowledge. Obviously, this is but one definition of research, there being much contention over what research actually is, or what should constitute research, however, as a simple definition, this should suffice. This being the cases, what is the purpose of research and what do we gain from it? Wilson Gee writes in â€Å"The Research Spirit† that he believes the purpose of research is to advance the human cause, â€Å"it is not strange that the world appraises so highly the research spirit which has led it through the darkness of a past into the light of a present and will still guide it on beyond a golden dawn of a future† (Wilson Gee, 1915, pg 95-98). He believed the primary purpose of research itself was to search for the truth bringing to light new facts as well as reinterpreting old ones. Its purpose with regards to what we have gained from it is visible all around us. If the enlightened few has not proposed and conducted empirical research (people such as D. Hume, I. Kant, C. Darwin, I. Newton etc) of centuries past, if they had not begun â€Å"systematic studies of natural phenomena† from which man gained â€Å"not only insight into, but a great measure of control over, the physical universe, quite beyond the wildest dreams of the earliest pione ers in these fields† (Wilson Gee, 1950, Pg 179), it is arguable we would still be a religious driven, superstitious backwards people in a feudalist society, never advancing our search for knowledge, happy in our ignorance. To further state its impo... ...y offer the greatest advantage to me when writing my dissertation. Biblography (contains direct text references and references from within texts, web references, article references etc) John c. Merriam, â€Å"common arms of culture and research in the university†, Science, 1941 Wilson Gee, Social Science Research Methods, The University of Virginia Press, 1950 Wilson Gee, The research spirit, The Emory Phoenix (Emory University, Oxford, Georgia), 1915 John C. Merriam, Institutes for Research in the Natural Sciences, The University of Chicago Press, 1929 Social and Political Science Research Methods, Madan Lal Goel and V. B. Singh, Ajanta books international, 1996 Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science (A. & C. Black, London, 1911) A. Wolf, Essentials of Scientific Method, The Machmillan Company, New York, 1938. Clifford R. Shaw, â€Å"Case Study Method†, Publications of the Sociology Society, 1927 Philip Sargant Florence, The Statistical Method in Economic and Political Science (Routledge and Kegan Paul, ltd, London), 1929 Shelby M. Harrison, A bibliography of social surveys, Russell Sage Foundations, 1930 A. D. Ritchie, Scientific Method, (Routledge and Kegan Paul, ltd, London), 1923 The research Process Essay -- essays research papers fc Processes of research by Jonathan Guy In this essay I will outline the primary methods of conducting research, their advantages and disadvantages and will outline where they are best utilised. In addition to this, I will select certain methods of research that I believe will be applicable to my own dissertation and state why I will use those particular methods to conduct my own research. The first question we should ask is what is research? John C. Merriam considers research as â€Å"a reaching out to bring together, organise and interpret what ever may be added to our store of knowledge†¦most truly exemplified when it involves the wider relationship of specific facts to the whole structure of knowledge†. (C. Merriam, 1941, pg890) In other words, something should be considered research when it adds to what we already know, especially if it does so through adding facts to out structure of knowledge. Obviously, this is but one definition of research, there being much contention over what research actually is, or what should constitute research, however, as a simple definition, this should suffice. This being the cases, what is the purpose of research and what do we gain from it? Wilson Gee writes in â€Å"The Research Spirit† that he believes the purpose of research is to advance the human cause, â€Å"it is not strange that the world appraises so highly the research spirit which has led it through the darkness of a past into the light of a present and will still guide it on beyond a golden dawn of a future† (Wilson Gee, 1915, pg 95-98). He believed the primary purpose of research itself was to search for the truth bringing to light new facts as well as reinterpreting old ones. Its purpose with regards to what we have gained from it is visible all around us. If the enlightened few has not proposed and conducted empirical research (people such as D. Hume, I. Kant, C. Darwin, I. Newton etc) of centuries past, if they had not begun â€Å"systematic studies of natural phenomena† from which man gained â€Å"not only insight into, but a great measure of control over, the physical universe, quite beyond the wildest dreams of the earliest pione ers in these fields† (Wilson Gee, 1950, Pg 179), it is arguable we would still be a religious driven, superstitious backwards people in a feudalist society, never advancing our search for knowledge, happy in our ignorance. To further state its impo... ...y offer the greatest advantage to me when writing my dissertation. Biblography (contains direct text references and references from within texts, web references, article references etc) John c. Merriam, â€Å"common arms of culture and research in the university†, Science, 1941 Wilson Gee, Social Science Research Methods, The University of Virginia Press, 1950 Wilson Gee, The research spirit, The Emory Phoenix (Emory University, Oxford, Georgia), 1915 John C. Merriam, Institutes for Research in the Natural Sciences, The University of Chicago Press, 1929 Social and Political Science Research Methods, Madan Lal Goel and V. B. Singh, Ajanta books international, 1996 Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science (A. & C. Black, London, 1911) A. Wolf, Essentials of Scientific Method, The Machmillan Company, New York, 1938. Clifford R. Shaw, â€Å"Case Study Method†, Publications of the Sociology Society, 1927 Philip Sargant Florence, The Statistical Method in Economic and Political Science (Routledge and Kegan Paul, ltd, London), 1929 Shelby M. Harrison, A bibliography of social surveys, Russell Sage Foundations, 1930 A. D. Ritchie, Scientific Method, (Routledge and Kegan Paul, ltd, London), 1923

Eco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper

Supply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the University of Phoenix simulation (2003), students are taken through the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments in a city called Atlantis. The simulation itself is used as a tool to learn about the demand and supply curves as well as equilibrium. Other key learning points are the factors that affect supply and demand, the effect that a price ceiling has on the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied.Throughout the simulation, students determine the rental rates or how many apartments are rented out for a given month. A microeconomic principle that stood out at the beginning of the simulation was the use of the word â€Å"monopoly†. The simulated management organization has a monopoly in the rental field within Atlantis. I considered it to be a microeconomic principle in that it was limited to a certain region. On a macroeconomic scale, it would not hold true because of the fact that there are nume rous rental management organizations throughout the world.The second microeconomic principle from the simulation was the scenario in which the student is to determine a monthly rental rate that will remove the imbalance between quantity demanded and quantity supplied at the rental rate of $1550 (University of Phoenix, 2003). I consider this to be a microeconomic concept because each industry or field has its own norm for quantity demanded which definitely affects how much is supplied. An example of this is that of exotic cars. There is a limited number of these vehicles in demand which results in the manufacturers of these cars to build only a limited amount.A macroeconomic principle that showed through in the simulation was that for any product, more quantity is demanded at a lower price, other things remaining constant. To apply that to a microeconomic scale using the simulation as an example, when the rental rate was reduced, more individuals were willing to rent apartments which led to a lower vacancy rate. As the rental rate is lowered, revenue first increases, reached a maximum at a particular rate and quantity demanded, and decreases. The second macroeconomic principle from the simulation was the supply curve demonstration.The student is tasked to identify correctly, the rental rate that the company would charge if it were to lease out all of the apartments. For any supplier, production costs normally increase for each additional unit of the product. In the case of the simulation, it was maintenance costs that were added for each unit rented out. This added cost meant that the rental rate had to increase as well. When the rental rate increased, the number of apartments that management was willing to lease out increased. This was a basic demonstration of how the supply curve works.At one point within the simulation, there is a shift in the demand curve. This is because there was an increase in the population in the city. At any given rental rate, more pe ople rented apartments. This resulted in an increase in demand but the supply remained the same. As a result, the demand curve shifted to the right. The new equilibrium price is now higher than before and the number of apartments demanded and supplied increases. The change in expectations of management caused the supply of two-bedroom apartments to decrease.The expectation was that more individuals would prefer to live in a condo vice the two-bedroom apartment. It also eventually occurred and as a result, this factor caused the supply curve to shift to the left or decrease because there was not only a decrease in the demand for the two-bedroom but also a decrease in the supply. Since the shift in supply was greater than the shift in the demand, the price of rent increases. Had it been the other way around, the rental rate would have declined. Through this simulation, I was able to understand the affect of price ceilings.In the case of the simulation, while tenants could only be char ged up to a certain amount, they might be subjected to make up a portion of the difference by higher deposits in order to lease. Price ceilings could also lead to discrimination in the form of choosing tenants on the basis of race, socioeconomic status, etcetera because the number of units that are available far exceeds the number of units the company is able to rent out due to costs. References University of Phoenix. (2003). Applying supply and demand concepts [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ECO365 website.

Montague-Capulet Feud in Romeo and Juliet

In Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet, two noble families are at war with each other, a state of affairs which ultimately dooms the young lovers. Romeo is of House Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. We never learn the origin of the feud between the two families, but it pervades the play from the very first scene when servants from each house get into a fight. All of the major events in Romeo and Juliet are driven by the Montague-Capulet dispute. But after the tragic death of their children at the end of the play, both families agree to bury their grievances and acknowledge their losses. Via their tragic deaths, Romeo and Juliet resolve the long-standing conflict between their respective families, but unfortunately, do not live to enjoy the peace. But who’s who in the Montague-Capulet feud? The following list divides the play’s characters by family: House of Montague The House of Montague includes these key players: Montague.  Father to Romeo and married to Lady Montague, he’s concerned about his son at the start of the play and asks Benvolio to help him figure out what’s bothering Romeo.Lady Montague.  Romeo’s mother is less of a presence in the play than Juliet’s mother, but in the few scenes we see her, she appears to love her son deeply. When Romeo is banished, she dies of grief.Romeo. The son, and heir of the Montague house, Romeo is 16 years old and falls in and out of â€Å"love† easily, until meeting Juliet. He kills Tybalt after Tybalt kills Romeo’s friend Mercutio.Benvolio. He is  Montague’s nephew and Romeo’s cousin. Benvolio tries to be a good influence on Romeo, persuading him to forget about the erstwhile Rosaline. He mainly acts as a peacemaker and friend to Romeo.Balthasar.  Romeo’s serving man unintentionally tells Romeo of Juliet’s â€Å"death† (In fact, she’s taken poison to appear dead ). House of Capulet Lord Capulet. Juliet’s father is the family patriarch and tries to control his daughter by arranging a marriage to Paris. When she refuses, he calls her terrible names and threatens to throw her out: Hang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o Thursday,Or never after look me in the faceAnd you be mine, Ill give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets! Lady Capulet. Juliet’s mother, while more understanding of her daughter is almost as angered by Juliet’s refusal to marry Paris as Lord Capulet is. She dismisses Juliet outright: Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word; do as thou wilt, for I am done with thee.Juliet Capulet. At age 13, Juliet is about to be married to Paris and is deeply unhappy about it. But everything changes when she meets Romeo, despite his being from the rival Montague family. The two fall in love and are secretly married, but end up killing themselves when each believes the other to be dead.Juliet’s Nurse. She is more of a mother figure to Juliet than Lady Capulet and knows the young woman better than anyone else in her family. The Nurse’s sense of humor lends some much-needed levity to the play. She’s the only one who helps Juliet in her quest to be with Romeo, even though she doesn’t fully understand the intensity of Juliet’s feelings.Tybalt. Lady Capuletâ₠¬â„¢s nephew and Juliet’s cousin is the main antagonist of Romeo and Juliet, owing to his deep hatred of the Montagues. Short-tempered and vindictive, Tybalt is quick to draw his sword in anger. His killing is a pivotal moment in the play.

T. S. Eliot The Waste Land Essay - 1551 Words

Sooyeon Kim Professor Dunlap History 118 Unit Exam No. 2 17 Oct 2017 Progressivism as a Project of Humanity: Roosevelt, Wilson, the Great War These fragments I have shored against my ruins Why then Ile fit you. Hireronymo’s mad againe. Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. Shantih shantih shantih --T.s. Eliot, The Waste Land (1922)[1] I. THE AFTERMATH of the Industrial Revolution revealed new realities born of the marriage between technology and capitalism. Central to the Progressive motivation was the human relationship with Capital, an invisible entity whose uncanny vitalism accelerated the development of the subordinating enclosures within the emerging technological landscape and the crystallizing socio-economic paradigms that would define†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt’s political philosophy also aimed at insuring the unemployed and disabled, limits to the workday length, worker compensation, and an amendment to the Constitution for a Federal income tax,[4] which would serve to justify the inhumanity of technological development under the guidance of the federal government. At the turn of the 20th century, the biggest threat to the integrity of the federal government was the corruption and notions of corporate intervention in honest politics.[5] This would provide a platform for the New Nationalism’s anti-corruption legislation which targeted corruption at the level of, for example, saloons, where the alcohol commerce led to corrupt local governmentality and unbridled economic determinism. The prohibition of alcohol (18th Amendment) roughly coincided with the social reforms of the time, among them civil rights in theShow MoreRelated The Power of T.S. Eliots The Waste Land Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Power of T.S. Eliots The Waste Land       T. S. 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Deangles, M. (2015). National Electronic Health Record

DeAngles, M. (2015). National Electronic Health Record Network Regulation and Synchronization of National and State Privacy Laws Needed to Increase Efficiency and Reduce Costs in Healthcare. Journal Of Legal Medicine, 36(3/4), 413-419. doi:10.1080/01947648.2015.1262194 The article focuses on the privacy laws associated with electronic health records (EHRs) and need to increase efficiency and cost reduction in healthcare. It explains that the federal government should regulate a national network of EHRs to minimize waste associated with the current EHR framework of fragmented networks to maximize the cost saving effect of EHR, thereby greatly reducing costs in healthcare nationwide. The article discusses how healthcare providers should†¦show more content†¦Journal Of Law, Medicine Ethics, 4142-45. doi:10.1111/jlme.12037 Millions of Americans are affected by pain and opiate-based prescription painkillers account for significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, prescription painkiller overdose has reached epidemic proportions over the past decade. This article explores the focus on inadequate treatment of pain in the U.S. and the subsequent rise of prescription painkiller abuse, misuse, and overdoses. States have increasingly used their authority to address inappropriate prescribing by establishing and strengthening prescription drug monitoring programs, regulating pain management facilities, and establishing dosage thresholds above which a consult with a pain specialist is required. Although prescription painkillers are an issue, providers want the freedom to use their clinical decision-making to treat patients, and some feel these new requirements are over-regulating the practice of medicine. Marks, J. H. (2011). On Regularity and Regulation, Health Claims and Hype. Hastings Center Report, 41(4), 11-12. The article discusses the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on health claims and structure/function claims of food products. It explains that the FDA approves a health claim that is supported by

Case Study of Tourism in Japan Click To Get Solution

Question: Case Study of Tourism in Japan. Answer: Introduction The Japanese past has an interesting history as well as rich in events, the Japan of today is equally fascinating due to the presence of cutting edge technology along with beautiful architecture and has still been able to maintain the traditions of the country. The country is famous for its cuisine, shopping areas, shrines and temples, historical monuments and the architectural marvels. Japan has a rich and cultural heritage which includes the wonderful kabuki along with the traditional geisha which makes it a good tourist destination (JNTO, 2011). This case study will conduct an analysis of the tourist visitation in Japan, discuss why is it attractive for the tourists, important issues in relation to the development of the tourist destination, positive and negative impacts of the activities of tourism on the host industry and policy implications for developing outcomes of sustainable tourism in Japan. Analysis of the tourist visitation to Japan As per the Japan National Tourism Organisation, the number of visitors from overseas who were estimated to visit Japan in March 2016 touched 2.01 million which was an increase of 31.7 percent from 2015. This was the highest figure that was recorded on a monthly basis and for the first time in history it exceeded the figure of 2 million. In comparison to March 2015, there were 19 nations that witnessed this increase. The reason for this was the approaching Sakura season as well as the Easter holidays which increased the need to visit Japan. The number of Chinese visitors to Japan was 498,100 in March which was an increase of 47.3 percent and there was an increase in the accumulated figure which exceeded by 1 million since January this year (JTB Tourism Research and Consulting Company, 2016). Figure 1 The number of foreign visitors to Japan in the period between January 2016 to March 2016.Figure 2 The number of foreign visitors to Japan according to month for the previous three years Grand Total Total Tourist Business Others Short Excursion 2015 Jan. 12,18,393 9,78,476 1,22,506 1,17,411 FebÃ… ½ 13,86,982 12,07,242 1,14,641 65,099 MarÃ… ½ 15,25,879 12,36,489 1,51,984 1,37,406 AprÃ… ½ 17,64,691 15,28,848 1,39,608 96,235 MayÃ… ½ 16,41,734 14,11,626 1,42,464 87,644 JunÃ… ½ 16,02,198 13,98,845 1,38,697 64,656 JulÃ… ½ 19,18,356 17,12,803 1,31,296 74,257 AugÃ… ½ 18,17,023 15,84,484 1,14,132 1,18,407 SepÃ… ½ 16,12,208 13,46,488 1,34,254 1,31,466 OctÃ… ½ 18,29,265 15,64,772 1,66,456 98,037 NovÃ… ½ 16,47,550 13,99,516 1,73,986 74,048 DecÃ… ½ 17,73,130 15,99,537 1,11,276 62,317 2016 Jan. 18,51,895 15,79,364 1,33,950 1,38,581 FebÃ… ½ 18,91,400 MarÃ… ½ 20,09,500 Figure 3 The Visitor Arrivals to Japan and the Purpose of the Visit in 2015 and 2016 Reasons that make Japan attractive for the tourists Studies on tourist motivation and satisfaction show that the overall satisfaction of the tourists is reflected by the push as well as the pull dimensions related to satisfaction. Satisfaction also arises with the opportunity of experiencing the social and cultural specificities of a destination, taking the suitable facilities into consideration (Correia et al., 2007). Japan is among the worlds most attractive destination for tourists which offers Cool Japan, Fusin with Tradition. New attractions like the Tokyo Skytree are being added to the already existing attractions such as shrines and temples, Mt. Fuji, townscapes which are old fashioned, hot springs and the cuisine of Japan (Schoenberger, 2008). This co-existence of the traditional buildings as well as temples from the bygone era with the modern achievements such as technology and architecture form a unique blend that makes Japan attractive for the tourists and provides the tourists with overall satisfaction. Besides, the facili ties like hotels in Japan and cuisine is also of high quality providing which provide satisfaction to the tourists. Visitors can immerse in the culture and history of the nation on one day and on the next day they will be able to get a glimpse of the future via the developments in technology. Majority of the historical site still this day are used for the purposes for which they were originally meant at the same time they remain open for the public to visit. Throughout the year one can witness the natural history if the country. It also serves as a venue for international conferences and meetings. The destination is among the safest in the world as the crime rate is among the lowest globally which increases its attractiveness, making it ideal for tourists. The top tourist attractions of Japan include the Golden Pavilion, Mt. Fuji, Tokyo Imperial Palace, Tokyo Tower, Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha of Kamakura, Himeji Castle, Kiyomizu-dera, Jigokudani Money Park and Hiroshima Peace Memo rial (Touropia, 2015). Identification and critical analysis of the important issues related to tourism and destination development in Japan Apparently it seems that a nation such as Japan that has richness in both technical innovation and traditional culture and other things like delicious cuisine to offer would be a very big hit among the tourists. However, it has been revealed that in actuality, Japan is not a destination that is very popular for the people who are travelling abroad. Tourism in case of Japan brings to the country 900 billion yen in a year which is significantly less in comparison to the earnings of nations like UK, Germany and USA from tourism (Japan Today, 2015). This beautiful nation is an unpopular holiday destination due to the following reasons Problems of Publicity There is a lack of good quality advertising. With the rapidly increasing connection of the world by means of the internet, it has become easier to communicate with the people across the globe in a way that they are sitting with you in your room and there is also a growing interest among people for the nations that have distinct cultures. Japan has not been self promoting itself in this era of the internet and has not articulated itself to the world at large as to why the people need to come and visit the nation. Proper promotion is very essential for a nation that has hopes of standing out on a platter which is already full of various delicacies. Currently, Japan has not making enough efforts on this front. Whatever advertising campaigns have been launched by the Government such as the Cool Japan have not been good enough to attract tourists to the nation (Japan Today, 2015). Skytree high costs The major reasons why the people from USA and Europe do not visit Japan are that it is too far off as well as too expensive. As the island is located in the far east corner of the world, nothing can be done about it but measures can definitely be taken to bring down the expenses. Transportation and accommodation in Japan is highly expensive and added it are the food costs, the costs of souvenirs, etc. thus, with the yen which has a high value, people are forced to have a look at the tourist destinations that are cheaper like Asia where even the poor student visitors will be able to survive (Japan Today, 2015). Lost in Translation Most of the native folks of Japan have comparatively very low level of English knowledge which makes communication difficult for the people going on a vacation to Japan. In Tokyo also, the visitors can find themselves stuck in issues related to language and outside Tokyo there are a number of spots for sightseeing that do not even have English signs. The Japanese language does not contain the Roman alphabets so it is difficult for travelers to make use of the translation app or dictionary. This makes the traveler to get stuck severely as they are unable to read the menus in the restaurants and the signs on the railway stations. The people of Japan are also very reserved and shy and do not even try to speak English in parts like people of other nations do, in order to communicate even though they have limited awareness of the language (Japan Today, 2015). Japanese-only convenience Japan is usually considered as a place which is incredibly inconvenient. It is epitomized by ubiquitous conbini particularly if a person is staying there. However, it is still inconvenient for people who stay there for the short term or travelling there. First and foremost, it is a big pain to get into the city itself. Being one of the busiest airports in the world, it is located very far off from the central city of Tokyo. The next problem is faced by the visitors when they try to make payments for the bus or train tickets as Japan is a society that mainly accepts cash and credit cards are not easily accepted. Besides this, the ATMs which accept the card of foreign nations are very few and far off and usually closed beyond the regular hours of business. Tourists also face difficulties in checking the routes online or researching about the places of interest. Even though the nation is technologically very advanced, very few places have WiFi facilities. Additionally it is not possible to purchase mobile phones that are cheap which SIM cards that are disposable. This makes contact with other members of the group difficult (Japan Today, 2015). Identification and critical analysis of the negative and positive impacts of tourism activity on the host community in Japan The positive as well as the negative impacts of tourism activity on Japans host community can be as follows Economic Effects Positive Tourism in Japan will help in the creation of jobs by means of direct employment in the industry of tourism and indirect employment in the transportation and retail sectors. When the wages are sent by the people on goods as well as services, it results in a multiplier effect that will create more jobs. Opportunities will also be provided for Japans small scale business enterprises particularly in the rural areas leading to the generation of extra tax revenues like hotel and airport taxes that can be utilized for the development of hospitals, housing and schools (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Negative In order to be successful, tourism is dependent on the establishment of basic infrastructure like hotels, visitor centres and roads. The cost is usually borne by the Government and has to therefore come up with tax revenues. Jobs that tourism creates are usually poorly paid and seasonal but tourism can push up the prices of the local properties and also the cost of goods as well as services. The money that tourism will generate in Japan may not ultimately benefit the host community as it may go to the large MNCs like the hotel chains. Economic recession and also natural disasters to which Japan is prone can adversely affect tourism in the country (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Social and Cultural Effects Positive Tourism can result in infrastructure improvement along with new leisure amenities which will be beneficial for the host community. It will encourage the traditional customs, festivals and handicrafts to be preserved and lead to the creation of civic pride. A better cultural understanding will be created through guest and host interactions and also raise the awareness of the issues like those related to human rights and poverty on a global scale (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Negative The behavior of the visitors can detrimentally effect the host communitys quality of life, for instance, congestion and crowding, problems of alcohol and drugs, prostitution and increase in the crime levels can take place. Tourism may also result in the infringement of the human rights with the displacement of the locals from their own land so that new hotels can be constructed or they can be barred from visiting the beaches. The traditional values as well as cultures of the host community may also be eroded due to interactions with the tourists (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Environmental Effects Positive Tourism especially ecotourism as well as nature assists in the promotion of conservation of the natural resources like the rain forests and also in the preservation of wildlife as they are considered to be tourism assets now. It also helps in the generation of funds for the maintenance of marine parks as well as animal reserves by means of guide fees as well as entrance charges. By the creation of alternative employment sources, problems like deforestation and over-fishing may be reduced by tourism in Japan (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Negative A threat might be posed by tourism to the natural as well as the cultural resources of Japan like the heritage sites, coral reefs, beaches and water supply due to overuse. The levels of pollution can increase due to traffic emissions, noise, increased production of sewage and littering (Zaei Zaei, 2013). Identification and critical discussion of four (4) policy implications to achieve sustainable tourism outcomes for Japan The number of foreign visitors to the nation is touching 10 million and the number is expected to grow with the Olympics coming up in 2020 in Tokyo (Wakako, 2014). For success in the growing markets, the various policy implications for developing sustainable tourism outcome for Japan can be Sustainable tourism requires a closer cooperation between the private and public sectors along with integrating inbound promotion with a wide set of policies of tourism and combining independent efforts of the specific destinations with the national policies in an active way (Funck, 2012). Sustainable tourism needs a public policy that is strong and emphasises on leading improvements in the considering the environment, planning of physical resources and including the local community people and educating the various parties (Alduais, 2009). Sustainable tourism should respond to the visitor needs to be successful. The planners should provide opportunities of bringing the visitors closer to the sites cultural and natural values by management of the development impacts. With innovative products for the holiday packages as well as the mass market, sustainable development of the tourism market can be influenced in a positive way (UNEP, 2005). A balance between the limits and usage has to be found through changing, monitoring and also planning in a continuous way. For this long term thinking is needed and the realizations that change is usually gradual, cumulative and irreversible. The environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainable development should consider the interests of each and every stakeholder (Sustaintable Tourism, 2014). Conclusion Japan is tourism destination that is untapped. Development of a larger tourist market can make contributions towards an economy that is both diversified and healthy and which will serve as an economic vitality source. A tourist industry that is more developed will not harm the culture of Japan but will leave it intact since the economy of Japan is not as vulnerable to fluctuations as the economies of the other developing nations. The larger influx of tourists is unlikely to effect negatively a culture which is already established and mature or lead to an economy that is addicted to tourism. Tourism on the contrary can foster understanding, coordination and cooperation. Japan thus needs to support its tourism industry and nurture it to foster cross-cultural awareness (The Japan Times, 2013). Bibliography Alduais, K., 2009. Sustainable Tourism Development and Japan Policies. Technical Report. Tokyo: Japan Foundation Mejiro University Tokyo, Japan and Japan Foundation. Correia, A., Kozak, M. Ferradeira, J., 2007. From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(4), pp.411 - 424. Funck, C., 2012. The innovative potential of inbound tourism in Japan for destination development a case study of Hida Takayama. Journal of the German Institute for Japanese Studies Tokyo, 24(2), pp.121-47. Japan Today, 2015. Why is Japan such an unpopular tourist destination? Japan Today, 19 January.

The Hippie Culture Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Hippie

The Hippie Culture The Hippie Culture Life in America has been molded by many factors including those of the hippie movement in the Sixties. With the development of new technology, a war against Communism, and an internal war against racial injustice, a change in America was sure to happen. As the children of the baby boom became young adults, they found far more discontent with the world around them. This lead to a subculture labeled as hippies, that as time went one merged into a mass society all its own. These people were upset about a war in Vietnam, skeptical of the present government and its associated authority, and searching for a place to free themselves from society's current norms, bringing the style they are known for today. ?Eve of destruction; no satisfaction?and a third motif went rippling through the baby-boom culture: adhesive love? (Gitlin 200). The freedom they found came with the help of drugs. Marijuana evolved from its ?black and Hispanic, jazz-minded enclaves to the outlying zones of the white middle class young? (Gitlin 200). This new drug allowed a person to open their mind to new understandings and philosophies. But it wasn't just marijuana that opened the minds of the youth; a new drug known as LSD came into existence: Depending on who was doing the talking, [LSD] is an intellectual tool to explore psychic ?inner space,' a new source of kicks for thrill seekers, the sacramental substance of a far-out mystical movement- or the latest and most frightening addiction to the list of mind drugs now available in the pill society being fashioned by pharmacology (Clark 59). With politicians and law enforcement officers looking on the drug as a danger to society, many expert chemists ?set up underground laboratories and fabricated potent and pure LSD?kept their prices down, gave out plenty of free samples, and fancied themselves dispensers of miracles at the service of a new age? (Gitlin 214). It wasn't just the youth in America who was using these drugs. A statistic from 1967 states that ?more American troops in Vietnam were arrested for smoking marijuana than for any other major crime? (Steinbeck 97). The amazing statistic wasn't the amount of soldiers smoking marijuana; it was the amount of soldiers America was sending over to fight a war that nobody understood. Between 1965 and 1967, troops ?doubled and redoubled and redoubled twice more? (Gitlin 261). In a letter to President Johnson sent by student leaders from 100 American colleges and universities and published in Time, this problem was addressed: Significant and growing numbers of our contemporaries are deeply troubled about the posture of their Government in Viet Nam. Even more are torn-by reluctance to participate in a war whose toll keeps escalating, but about whose purpose and value to the U.S. they remain unclear. With the fear of being sent to Vietnam, many potential draftees looked for a place to run. Some went to Mexico, some went to Europe, some went to Canada, and some just burnt their draft-cards to resist the draft. For those who went to Canada, they received assistance from the Committee to Aid American War Objectors. The committee helped the young immigrants with advice and aid on the Canadian immigration laws. For those who didn't flee, life was full of harassment from the Government. Popular music and literature help display this message of repression. Jimi Hendrix released a song titled ?If 6 was 9? that described his oppression: ?White collared conservative flashing down the street/Pointing their plastic finger at me/They're hoping soon my kind will drop and die...Go on Mr. business man/You can't dress like me.? During Woodstock, the music festival in '69, Country Joe and the Fish sang lyrics that were both comical and intense: ?What are we fighting for?/Don't ask me, I don't give a damn/Next stop is Vietnam...Whoopee we're all gonna die.? Jerry Rubin illustrated his anger in the government, in the book he wrote while spending time in jail. We Are Everywhere describes Rubin's hatred towards all authority admitting, ?heroin is the governments' most powerful counter-revolutionary agent, a form of germ warfare. Since they can't get us back into their system, they try to destroy us through heroin? (118). This repression of the elder generation