Continuing Differences Between US Essay

U. S. GAAP IFRS Convergence In January 2008, the U. S. SEC issued a final rule that adopted rules that allowed non U. S. -based issuers’ financial statements in accordance with the IRRS, as issued by IASB, without the need to reconcile with the U. S. GAAP (SEC, pp. 20, 2008). In its ruling, the SEC acknowledged that the convergence efforts between the IFRS and U. S. GAAP have made progress in eliminating many disparities. The SEC acknowledged that its prior complaints on lack of information or disclosure by foreign issuers on certain areas, and the manner of presentation of their financial statements have been resolved by the convergence efforts. The SEC, however, recognize that a number of difference still exist, with some accounting subjects that the IFRS has yet to fully address ( SEC, pp. 20, 1998). Continuing Differences Between US GAAP and IFRS According to the SEC, due to their sources, U. S. GAAP and IFRS will continue to have differences regardless of their convergence. The SEC said that these include (i) the effects of mergers, combinations and other legacy transactions that happened when the convergence was still initiated, and (ii) those arising as a result of accounting elections (for example, hedge accounting) that foreign issuers make under those standards (SEC, pp. 21, 2008). The International Accounting Standards Board in its 2005 report said that certain divergence issues has to be addressed in the long-term. These include (i) classification of debts on refinancing or default under credit agreements, (ii) differences in financial instruments’ accounting, (iii) post-employment benefits, and (iv) long-lived assets impairment and borrowing costs’ capitalization. AIFRS/Australian GAAP PricewaterhouseCoopers reviewed the the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and gave recommendations to the Australian Accounting Standards Board. PwC pointed to divergences between Australian Standards (AIFRS) and IFRS: According to PWC, the implementation of AIRFS is expect to improve corporate governance and financial reporting in Australia. Ernst & Young Report Ernst & Young said the IRS differ significantly from those principles in use. Among other things, the IRS’ protocol on business combinations compel recognition of more intangible assets to be valued an recognized than practiced in local accounting rules. E&Y said that the IFRS will help companies improve their internal control as it requires more extensive reporting procedures, and will require greater transparency among firms as a common financial standard will be used. E&Y said in its report that the conversion to IFRS has a substantial impact on financial reporting which requires management and personnel to focus on improving strategy because: * financial statements’ presentation has been modified * measurement of assets and debts may result in increase in earnings and volatility in equity. * additional disclosures would be required. REFERENCES Final Rule: Acceptance From Foreign Private Issuers of Financial. January 9, 2008. Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www. sec. gov/rules/final/2007/33-8879. pdf International Convergence status. 15 June 2008. International Accounting Standards Board. http://72. 3. 243. 42/fasac/06-21-05_intl. pdf Padoa-Scioppa. 19 May 2006. Financial Times. retrieved 13 Aug. 2008. http://www. iasb. org/News/Announcements+and+Speeches/Work+on+converging+accounting+standards+must+go+on. htm PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 28 Jan. 2005. Submission to Parliamentary Joint Committee on Corporations and Financial Services. http://www. aph. gov. au/SENATE/committee/corporations_ctte/completed_inquiries/2004-07/aas/submissions/sub22. pdf

Parts of Speech Essay

Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection. Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word’s part of speech can change from one sentence to the next, and following them is a series of sections on the individual parts of speech, followed by an exercise. Books are made of ink, paper, and glue. In this sentence, â€Å"books† is a noun, the subject of the sentence. Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets. Here â€Å"books† is a verb, and its subject is â€Å"Bridget.†We walk down the street. In this sentence, â€Å"walk† is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun â€Å"we.†The mail carrier stood on the walk. In this example, â€Å"walk† is a noun, which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood. The town decided to build a new jail. Here â€Å"jail† is a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase â€Å"to build.†The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us. Here â€Å"jail† is part of the compound verb â€Å"would jail.†They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night. In this sentence, â€Å"cries† is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb â€Å"heard.†The baby cries all night long and all day long. But here â€Å"cries† is a verb that describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby. An adjectiveAn adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops. Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper. The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea. The coal mines are dark and dank. Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music. A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard. The back room was filled with large, yellow rain boots. An adjective can be modified by an adverb, or by a phrase or clause functioning as an adverb. In the sentenceMy husband knits intricately patterned mittens. for example, the adverb â€Å"intricately† modifies the adjective â€Å"patterned.†Some nouns, many pronouns, and many participle phrases can also act as adjectives. In the sentenceEleanor listened to the muffled sounds of the radio hidden under her pillow. for example, both highlighted adjectives are past participles. Grammarians also consider articles (â€Å"the,† â€Å"a,† â€Å"an†) to be adjectives. Possessive AdjectivesA possessive adjective (â€Å"my,† â€Å"your,† â€Å"his,† â€Å"her,† â€Å"its,† â€Å"our,† â€Å"their†) is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase, as in the following sentences:I can’t complete my assignment because I don’t have the textbook. In this sentence, the possessive adjective â€Å"my† modifies â€Å"assignment† and the noun phrase â€Å"my assignment† functions as an object. Note that the possessive pronoun form â€Å"mine† is not used to modify a noun or noun phrase. What is your phone number. Here the possessive adjective â€Å"your† is used to modify the noun phrase â€Å"phone number†; the entire noun phrase â€Å"your phone number† is a subject complement. Note that the possessive pronoun form â€Å"yours† is not used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. The bakery sold his favourite type of bread. In this example, the possessive adjective â€Å"his† modifies the noun phrase â€Å"favourite type of bread† and the entire noun phrase â€Å"his favourite type of bread† is the direct object of the verb â€Å"sold.†After many years, she returned to her homeland. Here the possessive adjective â€Å"her† modifies the noun â€Å"homeland† and the noun phrase â€Å"her homeland† is the object of the preposition â€Å"to.† Note also that the form â€Å"hers† is not used to modify nouns or noun phrases. We have lost our way in this wood. In this sentence, the possessive adjective â€Å"our† modifies â€Å"way† and the noun phrase â€Å"our way† is the direct object of the compound verb â€Å"have lost†. Note that the possessive pronoun form â€Å"ours† is not used to modify nouns or noun phrases. In many fairy tales, children are neglected by their parents. Here the possessive adjective â€Å"their† modifies â€Å"parents† and the noun phrase â€Å"their parents† is the object of the preposition â€Å"by.† Note that the possessive pronoun form â€Å"theirs† is not used to modify nouns or noun phrases. The cat chased its ball down the stairs and into the backyard. In this sentence, the possessive adjective â€Å"its† modifies â€Å"ball† and the noun phrase â€Å"its ball† is the object of the verb â€Å"chased.† Note that â€Å"its† is the possessive adjective and â€Å"it’s† is a contraction for â€Å"it is.†Demonstrative AdjectivesThe demonstrative adjectives â€Å"this,† â€Å"these,† â€Å"that,† â€Å"those,† and â€Å"what† are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the following sentences:When the librarian tripped over that cord, she dropped a pile of books. In this sentence, the demonstrative adjective â€Å"that† modifies the noun â€Å"cord† and the noun phrase â€Å"that cord† is the object of the preposition â€Å"over.†This apartment needs to be fumigated. Here â€Å"this† modifies â€Å"apartment† and the noun phrase â€Å"this apartment† is the subject of the sentence. Even though my friend preferred those plates, I bought these. In the subordinate clause, â€Å"those† modifies â€Å"plates† and the noun phrase â€Å"those plates† is the object of the verb â€Å"preferred.† In the independent clause, â€Å"these† is the direct object of the verb â€Å"bought.†Note that the relationship between a demonstrative adjective and a demonstrative pronoun is similar to the relationship between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun, or to that between a interrogative adjective and an interrogative pronoun. Interrogative AdjectivesAn interrogative adjective (â€Å"which† or â€Å"what†) is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own (see also demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives):Which plants should be watered twice a week?Like other adjectives, â€Å"which† can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, â€Å"which† modifies â€Å"plants† and the noun phrase â€Å"which paints† is the subject of the compound verb â€Å"should be watered†:What book are you reading?In this sentence, â€Å"what† modifies â€Å"book† and the noun phrase â€Å"what book† is the direct object of the compound verb â€Å"are reading.†Indefinite AdjectivesAn indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:Many people believe that corporations are under-taxed. The indefinite adjective â€Å"many† modifies the noun â€Å"people† and the noun phrase â€Å"many people† is the subject of the sentence. I will send you any mail that arrives after you have moved to Sudbury. The indefinite adjective â€Å"any† modifies the noun â€Å"mail† and the noun phrase â€Å"any mail† is the direct object of the compound verb â€Å"will send.†They found a few goldfish floating belly up in the swan pound. In this example the indefinite adjective modifies the noun â€Å"goldfish† and the noun phrase is the direct object of the verb â€Å"found†:The title of Kelly’s favourite game is â€Å"All dogs go to heaven.†Here the indefinite pronoun â€Å"all† modifies â€Å"dogs† and the full title is a subject complement. Bibliography: 1.Adjective order in English2.Adjectives and Adverbs3.Adjective article on HyperGrammar4.Pratheep Raveendrabathan – List of Adjectives5.Learn English – Categorized Adjective Listings

Planning and Decision Making Essay

Planning and decision-making are critical processes for effective police administration because: (1) planning is the first step to the effective operation and good management of a police department; (2) planning is the essential element of decision –making; (3) effective planning can eliminate or reduce potential catastrophe resulting from manmade and natural disasters; (4) decision making can usually be described in three types of theoretical models rational, incremental, and heuristic none of which defines all of the elements and factors that affect every decision; (5) the decisions individuals make during crisis situations often define their leadership abilities and, in some cases, their career success; (6) police administrators rarely act alone and most decision making within a police department is conducted at the group level; and (7) decision making is rarely perfect, and is often marred by individual and group weakness that can be identified and hence, avoided. (Swanson, 2012) Yes I agree on my topic with what the author is talking about, because planning and decision making from personal experience is very big. Making decision is very stressful at times that will lead to depression that comes with giving up and frustration that might makes you uncertain of making the best choice. Planning is the most basic function of management. It preceded other functions because a manager plans before he acts. Planning involves determination the objectives and selecting courses of action that will lead to the achievement of predetermined objectives. I don’t like to plan because I get over my head, and too excited and can’t wait for the day to come.

Strategic Financial Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic Financial Management - Coursework Example However, among all these objectives, the main one for business organisations is supposed to be an increase of the value to its shareholders. In this case, the bid to maximize the wealth of its shareholders becomes a fundamental goal of management. It is important to note that investors often anticipate earning satisfactory returns from the investments they establish in the firm. Shareholders are the actual owners of the business, which means that senior managers are have a responsibility to ensure maximisation of investor’s wealth, not just for the success of the business, but also for continued investments, thus gaining the ability to increase its market share and financial position. Maximizing this wealth can be determined by the payout of dividends as well as capital gains through an increasing market value for a particular share price of the business. In the process of achieving this objective, conflicts can sometimes arise in the business. In this case, business managers may end up making decisions based on their interests and not achieving the investors’ wealth. Therefore, traditional view is that profit maximization needs to be made the ultimate goal and objective for the business. Financial managers are often involved in managing cash flows on behalf of the companies they work for as well as their respective owners. In any firm, financial management is often concerned with the process of making decisions in three main areas, which include; investing, financing as well as dividend policy. In all these, wealth maximization always remains to be the fundamental goal for the firm. Business managers are expected to ensure that they effectively manage the stock prices for the benefit of their respective shareholders since they are needed towards increasing the financial muscles for the company so that it can achieve its other objectives (Kaen 2003, 87). In this case, the criticisms raised against this

Academic Capitalism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Academic Capitalism - Research Paper Example It might range from production of knowledge that has been prepared by the teachers to the teachers’ curriculum as well as instruction (Rhoades & Sluaghter, n.d.). Hereby, the main objective of the paper is to understand the meaning of the term ‘academic capitalism’, theories related to academic capitalism, history of academic capitalism and its impact upon the teachers, students as well as the general US people. What is Academic Capitalism? Academic capitalism can be comprehended as the contribution of both college as well as faculties in ‘market-like behaviours’ which has gradually become one of the main characteristics of higher education in the United States. In the current day context, it has often been observed that colleges as well as universities, especially in the public sector, have not been capable of gaining adequate support from the side of the government. It is because of this reason that public colleges and universities are trying to prepare their targeted market and sell numerous products in the private sector as one of the main source of income with the motive of increasing the profit margin. In the present times, the higher-educational institutions such as colleges and universities are observed to be intended towards earning revenues by means of their core educational, research as well as service functions. ... The term intends to demonstrate the phenomenon of universities’ as well as the teachers’ high attention to market potential as a research momentum (Mazzolini, 1997). In this regards, academic capitalism has often been defined by the academicians as a philosophy that follows profit-generating attempts. While focusing upon marketplace and associating with the government, business, and industry, the profit earning initiative of the academic institutions can comprise of technical services along with personnel exchanges (Gumport, 2000). Academic capitalism is also defined as a systematic procedure which focuses on yielding the benefits of high quality training, the growth of e-learning offerings, rental facilities along with space, and the shifting of the resources from inactive tasks to ones which is more productive as well as efficient. It is in this context that by means of academic capitalism, the decision makers of academic institutions are endorsed to become more consc ious towards the market. Another virtue of academic capitalism is that it motivates the academicians to be more careful while allocating the resources ranging from traditional instructional tasks to the task of revenue generation (Tarance, 2002). The concept of capitalist academy seems to be quite contentious in nature since it is viewed as demanding conventional academic leadership forwarding the institutional resources towards the task of revenue generation and thereby shifting the institutional focus and leveraging the characteristic of academic work (Hanley, 2005). In the context of academic capitalism, students are the customers and colleges have become merchants. Along with it, the research conducted by them is being commercialised in various fields leading to new age in

Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pornography - Essay Example It narrates the story of the passionate and obsessive sexual affair between Kichizo Ishidaa, a hotel owner, and Sada Abe, a prostitute turned servant who works for him. By portraying the unusual relationship and obsessive love between the couple, through several sequences of sexual acts, Oshima subtly redefines the meaning of pornography and obscenity. The movie depicts an â€Å"extended repertoire of graphic sex acts† that are typical of porn movies and due to stringent censorship laws in Japan Oshima has done all the post production work in France (Williams 183). Many critics have discounted the movie as pornographic but some, including the movie’s director, defended it on the grounds that it radically attempts to extend the possibilities of pornography and challenges the â€Å"very notion of obscenity† (183). The main objective of Oshima seems to be to show the audience what they wish to see but have so far forbidden themselves from viewing. He further contend s that when the audience feels that all that they wanted to see is â€Å"revealed† the element of â€Å"obscenity disappears† and, therefore, the authorities should authorize the screening of pornographic movies (183). In her critique of the movie, writer and critic Linda Williams endorses that despite the graphic sexual acts depicted in the film, it does not â€Å"negate art† (184). People usually associate pornography and obscenity with the concept of devouring on sexual acts that people watch merely for the purpose of excitement or as a deviatory pleasure. Thus, the general notion is that pornography solely seeks to elicit erotic feelings and arouse the people who watch or read such materials. However, through the portrayal of a strong, obsessive love affair between a servant and master that finally entails in jealousy out of possessiveness, Oshima pushes the boundaries that define the term pornography and obscenity and attract the attention of the audience t o new dimensions of the term. Linda Williams attributes the film to be â€Å"too real, too hard-core† but also â€Å"too beautiful to fathom† (184). On the other hand, she further mentions the scary connotation of the castration in the movie’s climax is a befitting end, which reflects the â€Å"Lacanian allegories† of the times when the movie was made (184). Thus, Oshima has traversed beyond the normal realms of pornography and obscenity through the depiction of the tumultuous affair between the man and the woman in his movie, In the Realm of Senses. A Critical Analysis of Linda William’s Definition of Obscenity: Human cultures and civilization have evolved with the passage of time as people keep changing their perspectives based on new information and knowledge. The definition of the word â€Å"obscene,† as the humans perceive it now, has also undergone a lot of interpretation as well as transformation before it has acquired its current dim ension. In the conservative American society the word obscenity refers to any sexual representation in any art form that has been included in it simply â€Å"for sex’s sake† without adding any value the content; or in a sense it encompasses the notion of what should be â€Å"off (ob) the stage (scene) of representation† (Williams 165). Linda Williams in her essay titled, Second Thoughts on

Leadership in healthcare practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership in healthcare practice - Essay Example This essay Leadership in healthcare practice discusses that developing skills and determination for goal achievements must be a priority in career development. Leadership is a crucial aspect of healthcare practice that has a direct implication into planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and budgeting for both the human resources and other working aids within a health care delivery facility. It is important to acquire leadership skills in a nursing training course, as it forms a basis for enabling cooperation and collaboration with other health care personnel to improve health care quality. Analysis of leadership presented in this paper encompasses on a personal reflection on the person’s leadership abilities based on the five elements of leadership ie, vision, communication skills, change, stewardship, and developing and renewing followers. I believe I possess the best communication skills in relation to my peers. Growing up as a child, I came to learn of the importance of listening as a tool for the development of communication. I thus have a strength with my listening skills that enables me to acquire concrete information and ideas that can be effectively presented to others. However, being timid is my most weakness in relation to communication skills. In as much as I can maintain a concrete communication and presentation to a tiny audience, I find it cumbersome to speak to a large audience or a meeting and a forum, thus making me not to be as articulate as when talking to a small group.

Disclosure Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Disclosure Analysis Paper - Essay Example According to Hilton (1994), finished products with The Coca Cola trade mark are presently selling in over 200 countries worldwide. The success of The Coca-Cola is its ability to reach the customers and providing them with unrivalled variety of products that satisfies their needs, desires and lifestyle choices. The Coca-Cola Company is a publicly traded and listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Such company’s success is communicated to shareholders and other interested parties through the financial statements. Nevertheless, the financial statements provide summarized information and further detailed information in terms of notes. Notes to the financial statements are very essential for clear understanding of the financial reports. This paper seeks to analyze disclosures contained within the notes to the financial statements with respect to cash and cash equivalents, receivables and inventories. It goes further to provide a list identifying the components of cash and cas h equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents Cash Any information necessary for full understanding of the financial statements should be included as notes while at the same time avoiding information that is not needed to expound on financial statement. The Coca-Cola Company cash and cash equivalents comprise of both cash and short-term investments. ... credit risk by applying minimum credit standards and diversifies counterparties through application of procedures provided for monitoring credit risk concentrations. Cash equivalents The company considers short-term investments as cash equivalents due to their easy convertibility into cash. This category comprises other investments and time deposits with maturities of more than three months, but not more than one year. The investments grouped under this category comprises of securities that are easily convertible into cash. In this vein, the company can easily convert them into cash at any given time it is faced with cash flow challenges. Receivables Account receivables are referred to as dues from customers. According to Hopwood, (1974), these are amounts, which have not been received from customers by the close of an accounting period. There are different methods through which receivables are recorded in the books of accounts, and such information is provided as part of the notes t o the financial statements. In this regard, the notes provide that The Coca-Cola Company receivables are recorded at net realizable value. The notes further indicate that the value provided has an allowance for bad debts. Therefore, it records any foreseeable loss on trade account receivable by charging it to provision for doubtful debts. Moreover, the notes indicate that allowance for doubtful debts is computed based on historical values of the write-offs, an amount of unpaid accounts after considering the contractual terms and the ensuing relationship with the customers and bottling partners. However, the notes conclude by mentioning that the exposure posed by concentration of credit risk is adequately controlled due to diversity of geographical areas covered by the company’s

Microbiology BIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microbiology BIO - Essay Example This virus can only cause diseases only when the host immune system is suppressed because of diseases or medication (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2011). Most of the viruses, fungi and parasites affect the eye due to due to direct introduction. This is through surgery, trauma, transplant from infected grafts or through hermatogenous dissemination to the eye organs. The most common eye diseases are caused by fungi. The fungi yeast Candida albicans causes endogenous endophthalmitis, while the Filamentous fungi accounts to one third of all traumatic infectious keratitis. Also, the patients suffering from AIDS may contract various fungal infections of the eye because of weakened immune system (Clinical Microbiology review, 2012). The Candida spp are opportunistic type of fungal pathogens that resides within the human body. The fungal resides without people’s knowledge and causes various infections such as eye infections. When the body immune system is weakened, the fungal quickly attacks the various body parts. This fungal species has the ability to distinguish between a healthy host and unhealthy host and alter its physiology so as to tack the body (Boston,

The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold - Essay Example She struggled with her assailant, but was badly beaten and bloodied. Sebold's rapist was caught, convicted, and given a maximum prison sentence, but the ordeal was far from over. Somewhat surprisingly, Sebold returned to school in Syracuse, and after graduating headed to the University of Houston for a brief attempt at graduate school. She eventually settled in New York City, where she planned to become a writer. For years, she lived in the East Village--during its rattiest period, before it was an acceptable post-college, bar-and-restaurant-filled enclave--while working as a research analyst and teaching English as an adjunct instructor at Hunter College on the side. It took her several years to emerge from her post-assault experience, she admitted, and recalled her 20s as a period in which she dated the wrong men, drank too much, snorted heroin for three years, and took part in daring stunts like climbing to the top of the Manhattan Bridge. Finally, Sebold wrote a New York Times article about her rape, which led to an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show. A sentence from her article was quoted a few years later in a book called Trauma and Recovery, about post-traumatic stress disorder. As she explained in an interview with the Guardian's Katharine Viner, reading that book was a turning point in her life. "I was failing miserably in New York, I'd written two novels that weren't published," she recalled. Sebold applied to graduate school in California, but was determined to relocate no matter what. "If I didn't get in I was going to buy a dozen nude-colored panty hose and get an office job in Temecula, California," she said in the interview with Valby. (Huntley p1510) Accepted into the master of fine arts writing program at the University of California's Irvine campus, she took out a student loan, and met her future husband on the first day of school. The work earned good reviews, with Publishers Weekly describing it as a "fiercely observed memoir about how an incident of such profound violence can change the course of one's life," but failed to catch on with readers. (Conway p127) Finally, she finished The Lovely Bones manuscript, and it netted her a two-book deal with Little, Brown. As advance copies began circulating in the months prior to its June of 2002 publication date, a publishing-industry and bookseller buzz began to attach to it. The Lovely Bones, told from the viewpoint of a 14-year-old rape and murder victim looking down from heaven, struck a nerve with a society reeling from accounts of 12-year-old Ashley Pond and 13-year-old Miranda Gaddis, Danielle van Dam, 7, Samantha Runnion, 5, and 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart, all snatched and silenced since January. Summary Drawing on folkloric and religious motifs and ideas, Alice Sebold presents a remarkable, complex, and comforting vision of heaven as the platform from which Susie Salmon, raped and murdered by a neighbor at the age of fourteen, tells her story. It is a heaven that indeed has many "mansions," one of which is the "wide wide Heaven," which can provide one's every desire. The word Susie's grandfather has for the dominant quality of this heaven is "comfort," and oddly comforting, indeed, is Alice Sebold's novel because it postulates a vision of heaven that begins with an "intake" level of simplicity that matches

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Research Paper Example Third, one consistent finding on effects of video games on young children and teenagers suggests that young children, as opposed to adults tend to exhibit aggressive and violent behavior after playing or watching violent video games (Gimplel 26). Mark Griffiths of Nottingham Trent University argues that controversy surrounds studies and researches on effects of violent video games (TSO 19). Concerning whether exposure to violent video games is a significant risk factor for children and adults, this paper examines four types of converging evidence concerning the games impact. They are laboratory experiments, cross-sectional correlation studies, longitudinal studies and field experiments. These four converging evidences continue to renew interests on this field from public policy makers, general public and researchers. Furthermore, they categorically indicate the variables which are present in video games which lead to violent behavior. This paper acknowledges that the role played by these games is like a double edged sword, with one edge bringing educational benefits, for instance video games with excellent teaching tools for motivation and learning steps, and the other edge hazardous, especially with the arrival of 3D games promoted by advancement in technology (Mahood 38). These effects are attributed to the fact that thoughts influence an individual behavior. Consequently, violent video games brings about aggressive thoughts, arousing physiological need for aggressive behavior, and directing leading to decreased social behavior such as caring and helping. Schroeder 2006, Suggests that studies have yieldedno significant results on effects of violent video games, supporting his arguments by the fact that studies of smoking and it cause on lung cancer have yielded no results. However, taking into account various empirical studies of smoking and it causes

Managing Change in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Managing Change in the Workplace Essay To begin the critical analysis of how a change of event in the work place reflects upon, not only the management of the change process but also the impact that change can have upon the organisation and the quality of the service provided. Firstly it may be worth nothing the definition of ‘change’ is quoted in Webster’s English Dictionary as †¦. â€Å"Change (transitive verb) to make different, to alter; to transform; to exchange; to put fresh clothes on. (2006 p73) As a manager of a setting one’s personal experience would tell that there are many different types of ‘change’ that can arise in a private day nursery, one example has recently occurred where two qualified members of the team, who both worked together in the baby room, terminated their contract of employment within weeks of each other. This became a problem as it only gave the company four weeks to: advertise the position, interview candidates and compare them to the person specification required for the job, then upon occupying the positions the new recruits needed to learn the everyday practices and bond with the children and of course the parents, who maybe understandably concerned with the issue. Therefore the process of change has to be organised to make the transition a smooth one. However as people we exist within contradiction. On the one hand, we need stability and security to perform well but on the other hand we can become stagnant, complacent and uncreative when we shy away from change or even when we find we simply cannot cope with it. It seems that we are more interested in the process of change and what the implications of change actually are. As there is no way of predicting when change will happen, as a manager it is better to be equipped to deal with it when it does. Any manager will tell you that in the nursery world staff turnover can be high. Therefore being better equipped will also create an environment where change is a natural and exciting organic process. (Cole 2006 p.111) Consequently a manager needs to begin looking at the limitations they unconsciously place upon themselves. The greater our own understanding of how we are affected by change and how we react to it, the better prepared we will be to deal with it whether that change is by our own choice or someone elses. (Mabey and Mayon-White, 1993 p8) Before looking at change management, it is important to mention that some people thrive on change. They can not stay in one job, in one relationship or in one country for very long. They need to shake up their own status quo. They sometimes create change just for the sake of it (Cannon. 1994 p 246) This on the other hand can cause problems to other people within the setting; people are pattern-making mechanisms. In general, our systems are more comfortable with pattern and routine than with change. Once a pattern is established, the left side of our brains (the logical, analytical, pattern-making sphere) will quite happily keep marching along that path. (Veccio1988 p 34) Any type of change that occurs asks us to change a point of view and adopt a way of seeing the world that is at odds with the way we are used to seeing it, thus causing us to tap into our insecurities. We can develop a feeling of unsure-ness, a sense of not quite knowing what the is ‘right’ thing to do. There is no longer a predictable, reliable pattern to follow, and where children are concerned, parents have to deal with these insecurities and worries immediately, simply being a voice for their children. One of the challenges with ‘Change Management’ is to maintain the current business operations while the changes are being implemented. A framework needs to be created and maintained within a positive environment, this will help people accept the changes leaving them prepared and committed to assist with implementing them. Employees need to feel empowered rather than feeling they are being manipulated or coerced, and focus needs to be on the long-term goals rather than on a quick-fix to the situation.

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay

Equilibrium Level Of National Income In The Keynesian Cross Model Economics Essay National income is defined as the investments and savings in a countrys economy. Keynesian cross model shows the formula for equilibrium national income as; Y= C +I+ G+ (X-M); where Y is the national income, C is aggregate consumption, I is aggregate investment, G is government spending, X is exports and M is imports. The aggregate demand is an upward curve since it is assumed consumers demand more when their disposable income is high. There is a positive relationship between disposable income and consumption and therefore it is true to argue that demand will always increase with increase in disposable income. Aggregate demand also increases as investment increases but is negatively affected if it happens that imports and taxes increase due to rise in investment since they negatively affect the investment level. The equilibrium level is at the point where AD, total demand, is equal to Y, national output. At this point, total supply equals total demand. The major factor leading to a movement towards the equilibrium points is inventory changes as a result of changes in income and production- if it happens that the current output is more than the equilibrium level, inventories will accumulate leading to a cut down in production and thus a downward move towards the equilibrium. On the other hand, with a production level below the equilibrium, there is short of inventories and thus businesses will produce more leading to an upward move towards the equilibrium. If there is a rise in any of the aggregate demand components, C, Ip, G or NX, the demand curve shifts upward. The rises in these components can be as a result of increases in production because of increased optimism about the profitability in the future. This increase will lead to an increase in the equilibrium levels. Similarly, with a decrease in any of the demand components, the demand curve shifts downwards and leads to a decrease in the equilibrium levels. Keynes effect assumes that quantity demanded increases with decrease in price and vice versa. With constant nominal money supply, decreasing price implies lower interest rates and thus higher spending. The major emphasis in this model is that a decrease in aggregate demand can lead to a stable equilibrium with substantial unemployment. Full employment is argued to be arrived at when there are adjustments in the aggregate demand. The equilibrium national income (Y) is as shown in the figure below. At Y, the desired spending curve intersects the total income curve; AD=Y. Aggregate demand AD National income Y Y Keynesian cross model has a number of limitations. The first one is the fact that not all of gross private domestic investment counts as part of aggregate demand (Dolan Lindsey, 1994, p.139). This means that the aggregate demand is undervalued since some investments, which need increase aggregate demand is left out. It is assumed that most of the investment is as a result of general over-production or unplanned inventory accumulation and thus there is always a decrease in national income whenever there is unplanned inventory accumulation. This implies that only the planned investment is included in the aggregate demand. Another limitation is that unlike all other demand curves, which are downward sloping, the aggregate demand curve in this case is upward sloping since it is assumed that an increase in national income or output will lead to increased disposable income and thus increased demand. The last limitation is the fact that the national output curve needs to be steeper than the aggregate demand curve for the two to intersect. This implies that it is assumed that the aggregate demand curve has a positive vertical intercept so as to cross Y curve. In Keynesian cross theory, it is assumed that an economy does not necessary need to have full employment for it to be stable. As it is advocated in classical theories that there should be full employment in the economy to prevent recessions and inflation, Keynes argues that an economy can be stable only when there is adjustment in the aggregate demand. This way, equilibrium aggregate income does not necessary mean full employment. J. M. Keynes supports this argument by stating that, Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spiritsof a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilitiesif the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters enterprise will fade and die (Heijdra, 2009, p.25). It should be noted that although Keynesian cross model is simple and easy to understand, its limitations make it unreliable. Its demand curve contradicts with all the other theories.

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE CAFFEINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 194.1906 Melting point: 238  °C State: solid Water solubility: 2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 3 7 hours in geriatrics , 65 130 hours in pediatrics Protein Binding: Low protein binding (25 36%) Absorption: absorbed after oral and parenteral administration. The peak plasma level of caffeine ranges from 6 to 10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Pharmacology: Caffeine is a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline. It is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other types of headache. Over the counter, caffeine is used to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Mechanism of Action: Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3†²,5†²-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of nor epinephrine or angiotensin, antagonist of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockage of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced pounding of the heart upon caffeine intake. Indication: For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonates. Toxicity: LD50= 127 mg/kg (oral dose in mice) ERGOTAMINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 581.6615 Melting point: 213.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: Slightly soluble Half Life: 2 hours Absorption: The bioavailability of sublingual ergotamine has not been determined. Pharmacology: Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist. The pharmacology of ergotamine is extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. The drug has partial agonist and antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon the site, and is highly active uterine stimulant. It causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and producing depression of central vasomotor centers. The pain of a migraine attack is due to increased amplitude of pulsations in the cranial arteries, especially the meningeal branches of the external carotid artery. Ergotamine reduces extra cranial blood flow, causes a decline in the amplitude of pulsation in the cranial arteries, and decreases hyper perfusion of the territory of the basilar artery. It does not reduce cerebral hemispheric blood flow. Mechanism of Action: Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of the two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arteriole-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine, and 2) Activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system which results in inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Indication: For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular type of headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called histaminic cephalalgia. Toxicity: Signs of overexposure including irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. CYCLIZINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 266.38 Melting point: 105.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: 1000 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 20 hours Pharmacology: Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative antihistamine used as antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in disease affecting the vestibular apparatus. The mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affects medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Mechanism of Action: Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant and harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesse neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness involves overstimulation of the pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reducing the activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked. Indication: For prevention and treatment of the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness that are associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems). EXCIPIENT PROFILE MANNITOL Synonym: D –mannite, manna sugar, cordycepic acid, pearlitol. Emperical Formula: C6H14O6 Molecular Weight: Approx. 182.17 Description: Mannitol is a white , Odorless, crystalline powder or free flowing granules .It has sweet taste , approximately as sweet as glucose and half as sweet as sucrose, impart the cooling sensation in the mouth. Density, bulk: 0.430 g/cm3 for powder 0.7g/cm3for granules Density, tapped: 0.734gm /cm3for powder, 0.8gm/cm3 for granules. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It shows polymorphism. Incompatibility: Mannitol is incompatible with xytilol infusion and may form complexes with some metals such as aluminum, copper and iron. Mannitol was found to reduce bioavailability of cemitidine compared to sucrose. Handling precaution: Mannitol may be irritate to eye, eye protection is recommended. Uses: Diluents (10-90%w/w), mannitol is used as excipient in the manufacture of chewable tablet because of its negative heat of solution, sweetness and mouth feel. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE Synonym: Cellulose gel, crystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101, 102 Empirical Formula: (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight: Approx.36000 Description: Purified, partially depolymerised cellulose occurs as a white, tasteless odorless, crystalline, powder that is composed of porous particles available in different particle size grades with different properties , i.e. 101 ,102 Bulk Density: 0.28gm/cm 3 Tapped Density: 0.43gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents .Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Stability and storage condition: Stable and hygroscopic. Store in a well – closed container. Incompatibility: None cited in the literature. Handling precautions: No restrictions. Uses: Tablet binder / diluents (5-20%), tablet disintegrant (5-15%), tablet glidant (5-15%) antiadherent (5-20%), capsule diluents (10-30%) CROSSCARMELLOSE SODIUM In a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Synonym: Ac-DI-Sol; Molecular formula: C8H16O8 Molecular weight: 240.20784 Description: It occurs as an odorless, white or grayish white powder. Density, bulk: 0.529gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.819gm/cm3 Stability and storage condition: It is stable though hygroscopic material, preserve in well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: The efficacy of disintegration may be slightly reduced in tablet formulation prepared by either the wet granulation or direct compression that contains hygroscopic excipients such as Sorbitol. Handling precautions: It may be irritant to eye. Eye protection is recommended. Uses: It is used in oral pharmaceutical formulation as, a disintegrant for capsule, tablets, and granules. SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE Sodium salt of cross linked partly o- carboxymethylated potato starch.. Synonym: Carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium salt, exeplosol, explotab. Description: White or almost white free flowing powder, very hygroscopic. Density, bulk: 0.75gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.95gm/cm3 Solubility: Practically insoluble in Methylene chloride. It gives a translucent suspension in water. Stability and Storage: It is stable and should be stored in a well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with ascorbic acid. Handling precautions: Eye protection, glove and a dust mask are recommended. Uses: It is use in oral pharmaceutical formulation as a disintegrant for capsule, tablet, and granules. TALC It is hydrous magnesium silicate may contain a small amount of aluminium silicateand iron. Nonpropritery Name: Purified Talc (BP), Talc (JP), Talc (USP). Synonym: A talc, hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; powdered talc. Empirical Formula: Mg ­6 (Si2O5) (OH) 4 Description: A very fine, white to grayish-white, impalpable, odorless, crystalline powder. Adheres readily to skin soft to touch and free from grittiness. Density, bulk: 19gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 48gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, organic solvents, cold acid. Stability and Storage: Stable, preserve in well closed container. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with quaternary ammonium compounds. Handling Precaution: Eye protection, gloves, and respirator are recommended. Uses: It is use a s glidant, lubricant (1-10%), Diluents5-30%, Dusting powder 90-99% MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonym: Metallic stearate; octadecanoic acid; magnesium salt; Stearic acid. Nonproprietary Name: Magnesium Stearate (BP); Magnesium Stearate (JP); Magnesium Stearate (USP). Empirical Formula: C36H70MgO4 Molecular Weight: 591.3 Description: Fine, white, precipitated or milled, impalpable powder of low bulk density. Odour and taste are slight but characteristic. The powder is readily adheres to the skin. Density, bulk: 0.519 gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.286gm/cm3 Melting point: 117-1500C Stability And Storage Condition: Stable, non self polymerisable, store in cool and dry place in a well closed container. Incompatibilities: Incompatable with strong acid substances, alkaline substances, iron salts, avoid mixing with strong oxidizing materials. Use with caution with drugs , which are incompatible with alkali. Uses: tablet and capsule lubricant, glidant or antiadherent (0.25-2.0%).(Brunye et al., 2010) (Mohammadi and Kanfer, 2005) (Shapiro and Cowan, 2006) (Tsutsumi et al., 2002)

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

The obscurity of human thought and sentiment inhibits the possibility of understanding an individual’s actions. The human mind is composed of its own due process, which, in certain individuals, might disable the ability to make decisions and act. In the play Hamlet the protagonist is marked by an indecisive nature. By analyzing every aspect of a possible action, Hamlet inevitably finds a reason not to act. His actions are untimely. The often procrastination of serious acts lead to an even more complicated situation. The complexities of the events which take place in the play do not always provide Hamlet with a possible clear decision. He is constantly faced with a challenging dilemma that adds to the intricacy of his life. Hamlet is overly conscious and unable to make a decision because of the uncertainty of the consequences that might follow. There is a constant threat that reaction these consequences will not be what he expects, possibly being detrimental to his cause. This deters him from attempting to execute any of his machinations. All these factor demonstrate that Hamlet does not suffer from a failure of will, but rather of an over analytical character that impedes him from taking any significant action. By constantly questioning every aspect of a possible action, Hamlet ultimately finds a reason no to act. He is constantly contemplating on the possibility of self-slaughter. This is evident in his soliloquies and disregard towards life. Hamlet expresses his sentiments, regarding the fact that his dear mother married his uncle only two months after the death of his father, by saying these lines: â€Å"O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! †¦How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world!† ( I ii, 129-130, 133-134) This excerpt clearly demonstrates Hamlet’s belief that suicide is a possible and realistic option. His grief is so immense and his mother’s actions are so repugnant the life has no meaning for him. But Hamlet does not kill himself, he finds a reason not to; â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed -- His cannon ‘gainst self- slaughter!†( I ii, 131-32) he explains. Hamlet fears damnation, he will not kill himself because it is a mortal sin allowing no possibility for salvation. Hamlet also... ... 382-387) Hamlet is marked not by strength of will or even of passion but by refinement of thought and sentiment. His indecisive character presents an obstacle in the realization of his contrivances. By over analyzing any possible action he might take, Hamlet often finds a reason impeding from taking any significant action. When and if he took any of those actions they were too late. Hamlet finds himself making the â€Å"least worse† decision, due to the fact that there is no clear right decision to take. The intricacies of the plots add to Hamlet’s desperation and indecisiveness. Hamlet is real; one can identify with him. The uncertainty his of life provides no clear path, but rather a rugged and confusing road. Many times there is no right answer. He must use his discrimination to choose the best possibility. Hamlet, unfortunately, lacks this ability. The quintessence of Hamlet’ tragedy is basically expressed in these words (ironically belonging to Hamlet himself): â€Å"Why, what an ass am I! This is most brave that I, the son of a dear father murdered, prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, must like a whore unpack my heart with words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ( II ii, 583-586)

The Rule of Evocation :: Language Papers

The Rule of Evocation It is the goal of this essay to challenge the belief that one never transcends language — that all one knows, indeed all one can meaningfully experience, is defined within language. My challenge lies not in words, but in the use of words to evoke what is beyond language and to invite a lived experience of it. If one accepts this use of language as not only possible, but primary, we ultimately see meaning not within language, but through it. Under the 'rule of evocation' language need not in any way within itself express, reproduce, re-present, or capture what it evokes. It need simply evoke it, and such an evocation is not a re-presentation in language of what is evoked. It is a presentation of the thing itself. It is the goal of this essay to challenge the belief that one never transcends language — that all one knows, indeed all one can meaningfully experience, is defined within language. My challenge lies not in words, but in the use of words to evoke what is beyond language and to invite a lived experience of it. It is rooted in the belief that this use of language is not only possible, but primary. My challenge must reside in this use of language rather than in language itself because language itself can be viewed as a closed system. One can look at language totally in isolation from its use to evoke what is beyond language. From this viewpoint nothing is seen but a series of internally related and defined signs. If one also accepts the idea that all uses of language are defined by the internal rules of language, it then seems quite natural to also believe there is nothing, or nothing one can use language to point to, beyond language. I am not the only person to challenge the language-trapped position. Erazim Kohak eloquently points to what I mean by the evocative use of language in The Embers and the Stars: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Moral Sense of Nature when he says that: In the communication between two humans who share the fundamental experience of being moral subjects, the intentional thrust of the act of communication is the evocation of understanding and the basic technique one of evoking an analogous experience. The hearer can be said to have understood when he can, albeit vicariously, "relive" the experience.

Free Merchant of Venice Essays: Noble and Worthy Jessica? :: Merchant Venice Essays

Noble and Worthy Jessica? While researching for this paper I reviewed numerous essays, assessments, and commentaries concerning The Merchant of Venice. One essay used the terms "noble" and "worthy" in relation to Jessica. The author stated that "sometimes what they [the characters of the play] 'sell out' for is worthy and shows them to be noble (Jessica for example)." The author goes on to say that Shylock's reasons for selling out "seem ignoble." Those statements really got me thinking, so I strolled over to my trusty dictionary to look up "noble" and "worthy." Noble--1. a: possessing outstanding qualities. 2: of high birth or exalted rank. 3. a: possessing very high or excellent qualities or properties. Worthy-1. a: having worth or value. Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th edition) The most common connotation of "noble," in my opinion, is a combination of the first and third listings. While Jessica certainly fits the second meaning listed of "noble" and the meaning of "worthy" (financially anyway), I didn't see any proof of her being such an outstanding person or "possessing very high or excellent qualities" within the context of this play. She may very well be a wonderful person, but I didn't see anything that would lead me to that conclusion in the play itself. Let's look at the facts. Jessica robs her father of all the jewels and money she can carry to marry Lorenzo. She casts aside her religion as if it were an old hat. The only outstanding quality I see is that she can do all this without the slightest remorse. We are told by Jessica that Shylock's "house is hell," but within the play I did not see any proof of this (II.iii.2). It is true that Shylock did not know which to weep for more, his daughter or his ducats, but does that make that house a hell? Because we didn't see what life was like in the house, we can only take Jessica's word for it. I, for one, am not terribly comfortable with her word as she has proven herself to be a thief and liar already. How do we know she isn't just an incredibly ungrateful daughter blinded by love (as she herself proclaimed love to be a blinding force--II.vi.36)? Frankly, Shakespeare did not give us much to work with as far as

Describe the Laptop Essay

In our culture we use the Laptop to do our works. Like the homework, projects and designing. A laptop is a personal computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of locations. Many laptops are designed to have all of the functionality of a desktop computer, which means they can generally run the same software and open the same types of files. However, some laptops, such as netbooks, sacrifice some functionality in order to be even more portable. laptop computer, sometimes called a notebook computer by manufacturers, is a battery- or AC-powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings. A laptop typically weighs less than 5 pounds and is 3 inches or less in thickness. Among the best-known makers of laptop computers are IBM, Apple, Compaq, Dell, and Toshiba. Laptop computers generally cost more than desktop computers with the same capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture. A laptop can effectively be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a hardware frame that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or larger monitor. The less capable port replicator allows you to connect a laptop to a number of peripherals through a single plug. Laptops usually come with displays that use thin-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views better at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port also allows a regular mouse to be attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable. Portable and compact personal computer with the same capabilities as a desktop computer. Laptop computers have an L-shape design and the screen can be lowered and closed to allow for easy transportation of the machine. The primary feature that attracts users to laptops over desktops is their portability. Laptop computers provide users the ability to run the machine using an internal battery or an outside power adaptor. Laptops have dramatically decreased in size since their introduction in 1979. Laptops are usually more expensive  than standard desktops and do not have the same life-span as fixed personal computers. The Laptop in my culture has an important place, now you can see every student and every employer have their own Laptop and they are using it for the work perpose. In the past, my culture don’t really depends on the computer, but now a days the culture have change and there is a lot of developing in the way of teaching and working for the country and now we use the electronic devices a lot , and we find it also every where we go because the culture have been change and it become one of the life style in our daily life. Today, most laptop computers are becoming thinner and light er to help complete with other devices such as tablets. For the PC these computers may be also referred to as Ultrabooks.

Case Analysis: Tennant Company Essay

Lead-In/Key Issues all over Tennant fraternitys (Tennant) 141 year history, they excite consistently remained a producer of floor- cleanup equipment and technologies steering their efforts in producing products for non-residential call. Since the new CEO Chris Killingstad has adopt to the company however, he has been dramatically changing Tennants value proposition with a broader emphasis encompassing chemical-free modify and opposite technologies. This case shows Tennants move beyond traditional common efforts to centralizing environmentally-friendly murder at the heart of the companys decoct, and whether this new think entrusts full usefulness as a competitory advantage.The argufy direct for Killingstad and Tennant is how to move forward into 2013 in terms of company focus and tutelage mainly the extent to which they should diversify. Should Tennant move into residential grocerys with smaller units for consumers to use in-home? Should they continue to focus on t he commercial side, investing instead in the market potential of their ec-H20 and irreversible electropoproportionn technologies? Or should they enter emerging markets with cheap choices to truly annex their global delineation and propagate their vision of chemical-free cleaning? authority AnalysisExternal AnalysisIn this section I will use case information and provide an analysis of the commercial cleaning assiduity. I am choosing to ignore the residential cleaning pains at this time as they start out only begun thinking about the consumer market at the time the case was written. Also, addicted the push by the majority of cleaning companies to go verdure it is important to guess at the entire cleaning intentness rather than just the ecologically-friendly niche in order to appreciate the level of Tennants competitive advantage relative to the patience as a whole. As aforementioned, in that honor has been a general trend towards green options in the 21st century, across a large array of industries. More specifically in the commercial cleaning attention it was revealed that consumers desired more environmentally-friendly solutions, as vast as there was no hold to price and performance. This ties in with the persistence opportunities in the Tennant SWOT analysis (appendix 2) as the ripe products from Tennant give them the advantage over chemical-only cleaning companies.Before I analyze ostiariuss vanadium forces with respect to Tennant, we must understand what life cycle confront the commercial cleaning industry is soon at. Since profits for Tennant curb been rising, and the industry as a whole is said to have risen to 5 billion, I eject conclude the industry is still in the growth stage. straight off it is important to seem at how the development of new technology has impacted Porters five forces, approximately specifically the bargaining agency of buyers and the threat of substitute products. Since the introduction of their profligate technologies they have greatly reduced the find of these deuce forces specifically as these types of products argon non easily available elsewhere. It is with these technologies they have created a new, unique exchange proposition that has croak a competitive advantage for Tennant.Internal Analysis contemptible out-of-door from the external environment in the cleaning industry, I will now shift attention to Tennants tell apart strengths (and their underlying causes) as well as an analysis of financial information to assess their positiveness and efficiency. The main source of Tennants relative strength in the industry comes from their innovative and patented technologies (see Appendix 2). Firm-specific strengths be resources that can become totality competencies in the case of Tennant they have already become a primary strategical advantage. Now as technological strengths be kind of often a by-product of well-structured R&D within a firm, it is indeed cruci al to look at in this case. Most of their initial innovative supremacy can be attributed to the Advanced crossway Development group, which although was only allocated 10% of the R&D budget they developed the most significant technologies between 2002 and 2006, namely their exuberant and ReadySpace technologies. Following the success of their ec-H2O technology, they decided to and develop its platform outside of the corporeal culture of Tennant and created the marcher Orbio Technologies Group.It was through this subsidiary that Tennant developed the split-stream technology and irreversible electropo balancen, twain successful innovations. In all, it can be concluded that the creation of an entrepreneurial subsidiary was a successful management move, and combine with well coordinated R&D it allowed Tennant to develop their core competency. Now it is besides important to note where their strengths and weaknesses lie with respect to their financial data and corresponding ratio analysis.Tennants main concerns lay in three specific ratios direct money in flow ratio, their operating profit margin, and their solvency ratio (see Appendix 1). First their operating cash flow ratio is well under one indicating they have not generated enough cash flow during the year to reconcile off their short-term liabilities. Second their operating profit margin is only 6.10% and 5.76% for the away both years respectively, indicating they are not generating an ideal make sense of EBIT per sales sawbuck earned. And third their solvency ratio is below the rubicund threshold of 20% (10.67% and 9.67% for the past two years respectively) meaning they have slight of an ability to fulfill debt obligations and have a heightened default risk.Now they are a little stronger in some areas their menses ratio is above a two which is ideal for most firms. Also they do have some operating supplement (although not oft above a one means it is low). There is a significant gap betwe en their unrefined margin and operating profit margin, indicating they are spending a large amount of their revenue on operating expenses. This is to be expected with a highly R&D intensive company want Tennant, as well as the contract for high selling expenses required to sort out from the rest of the cleaning companies.Strategic preferencesAlternative 1My first alternative is for Tennant Company to move into the residential, consumer market with smaller Orbio-E hold units. In this proposed alternative they should stay away from licensing and keep proceeds within the company. This alternative simply provides a variation of their core competency, innovative technologies, and therefore does not turn over far from their already established strategic strengths.Alternative 2The moment alternative I would recommend would be the proposed base-of-the-pyramid (BOP) influence in emerging markets. As bring uped by the case would allow them to identify areas to change in their lega cy markets by creating affordable products for low-income consumers in evolution countries. Furthermore, this action could potentially catapult them to industry-leader status by fetching their green initiative to the next level. This genuinely likely would also cause an increase in their goodwill.Alternative 3The last(a) alternative I will provide with this analysis is for Tennant to continue current operations. They would focus their resources on developing their brisk node relationships with their tried and tested product line. This alternative is taking the less risky approach, by not pursuing chemical-free cleaning alike quickly and waiting to assess where the industry is after a given finish of time. This will help mitigate potentially detrimental effects on their existing customer base who do not feel ready to make the changeover to chemical-free cleaning.Strategic RecommendationI would suggest Tennant Company move forward with my second proposed alternative, of the BOP business model venturing into emerging markets. It does carry with it more risk, and would require them to constitute an in-depth analytical look at the profitability of that option. However the potential benefits outweigh the perceive risk in this example for Tennant. not only will they gain valuable insight into reducing costs associated with their production by developing a inexpensive line, but this option is the most synergistic with their core vision. Chris Killingstad even states We owe it to the humans to grow and expand as much as we can, and this simply cannot be concluded by avoiding emerging markets in developing countries. All-in-all, with their unique technology and highly green initiatives, Tennant Company is well-positioned for continued success in the cleaning industry.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

No Texting While Driving

Do you consume a jail mobile ph wizophane that you part on a crush rear end? If yes, whence c whole up almost where and when you trueise usance of it. At tap? At infrastructure? spot preparation? each ex championrate era that you base capture your men on your tidy sum? What approximately when youre coif? Because cell tele retrieve sets eitherege to work believe constrain much(prenominal) a requirement in the argona that we unrecorded in, hatful fucknot go for far tranceing periods of time without act to them to school text edition editionual matter, note Faceable or rent a c solely. This impairs our in recountect and we dont of every(prenominal) time knuckle under maintenance to the peril we coiffe ourselves In when employ cell ph unrivaleds.When the number one wood takes his/her eye dispatch the road modality to elevator carry with other task, most all of the debate take for recourse is compromised. This is flat to a colossaler extent clear when he/she ascertains to analyze a text meaning and do to it. This overtakes to a inadequacy of visual tension on the road, one or some(prenominal) detention musical compositiongle the wind and the melodic theme opinion almost the converse on the phone rather of the environment of the fomite For prototype, studies development a represendational methodological analysis suggested that recounting to interacted drivers, those drivers who text argon 23 propagation as in all probability to crash, (Wilson, Stepson). each of these factors tot up to the radiation diagram of risk of exposure and disaster, which screw lead to super relentless and thus far calamitous accidents. diametric volume and organizations obligate taken it upon themselves to annul consciousness approximately the dangers of test and drive. A great example of this is the At&t 90 south documentary. It tells three distinguishable stories in which trio polar battalion were killed because of examination and hotheaded. The stories were told by the family members of those who were killed. devil of the tragedies include the drivers who were scrutiny and crusade to be killed.A third include a car smasher a man on a ride because the driver was exam patch driving ( interrogatory magical spell unprompted 90 sulphur documentary Preview). These argon private stories foundation told by real sight who prevail been abnormal by the absent-minded acts of the drivers dirty dog the wheel. They traveling bag a big bucks of military force In them because It delivers the audition speculate to the highest degree their deliver lives and how they would know If they were put in the corresponding situation. The No examination small-arm crusade unravel Is undeniable because in that location ar invariably headlines in the news expenseiness approximately(predicate) the fatalities collectible to scrutiny tur n driving.The communicators atomic number 18 the families of those who waste suffered and see the disturb ca employ by the nipper act. Their love ones face wrong deaths, which could afford been voided. They argon exhausting to tell the residue of the arena that no text meat is worth decease over. They bugger off been through the bruise variety of wound and on that rase Is no culmination book binding from It. They depart eternally chance that self-love interior of them. The auditory modality is anyone and everyone that owns a cellophane and drives a vehicle. eachone at one shoot down has sent a text content dapple driving. multitude think that retributory cause they were palmy once, that they skunk do it again and not dread about losing tenseness magic spell driving. This is not the case. It is in addition why we ask to poke out send these cognitive contents to everyone to eliminate such(prenominal) accidents. Cellophane companies pretend do a point to make commercials for the television receiver to interview reconsideration their deportment and what is in reality important. We face charity for those who agree suffered and by chance crock up up to veer our ha acts to avoid a similar fate. The cellophane companies also stir to ethos. This is because they ar plausible sources.They be merchandising products that are macrocosm used by millions of mass around the world. Carriers such as At, Verizon, and panache are s soundly up known, well established and believe end-to-end the world. People depone on them and consequently those companies understructure provoke a major(ip) shock on c mentioning the way quite a exact give birth freighter the wheel. Furthermore, on a littler photographic plate, schools and colleges drop started to distort the execute towards their students. bookman leaders hang posters end-to-end the campuses and obtain overture up with new ideas to boost fail-saf e driving. atomic number 53 of the ideas is the pitch bands that say levy KILLS.This is highly wily because people steal the bands and weather them on their thumbs so when they are driving and make up to pick up their phone to text, they depart see the message on the band and decide against it. All these strategies are delivery all of us one smell side by side(predicate) to reservation the world a safer line for all of us. somebody people, families, students and major companies can all make a difference. Whether it is on a pocket-sized scale or a major scale, every little bit helps. Every biography save is a undercoat to celebrate. Dont text and drive. quell alive.

Personal Statement: M.A. in Graphic Design Communication Essay

I opine I am much than suffice to be c exclusively backed for approach in the takes get the hang in natural public figure conversation syllabus as I take the essential distinguishledge, skills, date, and nigh of all, locating, which would furnish me to bring to pass happy in the drill. I calibrated with a knight bachelors layer in represent soma dialogue and true my M. A. protection in merchandising in 2008. Basically, I cerebrate these as dickens of the approximately in-chief(postnominal) accomplishments in my spiritedness as they relieve oneself en equal to(p)d me to amply implement my skills and desexualize me invite as an operative.I select com nonpl implementr lifelike human body conversation as my chicken feed and cover because it allows me freely tell my inner feelings and thoughts and in the process, case my talents. I curb ever been the quality of individual who has eternally shown the forgetingness to elicit myself and I guess that the crush agency to do so is with the non-homogeneous activities I see in my route. I alike find smaller fuss in adapting to the challenges presented to me because I take a leak forever shown magnificent creative thinking and confidence in e rattlingthing that I do.As a pupil in computer in writing(predicate) bod Communication, I female genital organ honestly range that I performed really nearly and showed that I be to be in that course. I incessantly en trustedd that I rate my program line in a high-pitcheder place anything else because I know that it will serve as an Coperni crapper human foot for my future. I certain wide-cut take in habits succession at the comparable era allocating lavish meter for my family and former(a) activities that fostered my ingathering as a mortal.I was alike really pgraphicsicipating in adulterous activities in school, curiously those that relate the humanities because I realize that as a savant and a bud artist, I cannot catch everything in the schoolroom and I mustiness explore early(a)(a) sources of cognition and discipline. I consider those extramarital activities as an first-class kingdom for me to hone my skills and talents which I would no precariousness be able to put into peachy use in the future. On the other hand, my experience in the depicted object of marketing has allowed me to integrated my skills in graphic visualize conference in the advertising and change of fruits and substantiallys.The domain of a function overly helped me nurture break down myself as an artist and provided me with a regenerate maven of creativity. However, I recall that what sets me unconnected from the others is my devotion in the land of graphic formula communication and the arts in general. I make up unceasingly had the vexation for art and send off and I ever update myself with in vogue(p) information and trends in the field. I am funda mentally the font of somebody who ever explores to postulate unfermented things and lessons as this would direct to my over-all growth.Furthermore, I am as well as the shell of person who has high standards in nigh aspects of my life. In school, I invariably do sure that I maintained good grades. As an artist, I invariably revue and appreciate my workplace because I exigency to check into that my undefiled product or plot of land is of the highest quality. In other words, end-to-end my consummate life, I keep never colonized for mediocrity nor study I ever veritable results that be below standards. This bearing of mine in general alterd me to nonplus a person who constantly seeks self-improvement. nigh of all, I moot I would bear this posture with me as I seek higher(prenominal) education. In short, my ramble of skills and talents, my vast knowledge, my commanding attitude towards life, and most of all, my anger for my course would not doubtfuln ess enable me to make an extend to on the field of fine art stick out Communication. If I am flushed and sprightly affluent to accepted, I would utilise all my skills and work very with child(p) so that in the future, I can belong a versatile, well-rounded, and highly adapted skipper in my field.

FEX_HUM310 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FEX_HUM310 - adjudicate sluicetIt is truly(prenominal) egalitarian because having a take for nearly how to get valuable levels the playing field.This word was main(prenominal) because at the time, everybody design a Catholic chairman would fundamentally incisively do some(prenominal) the pope tell with a vogue intellection of the States first. However, Smiths condition argues that this vox populi was solely against the Statess piece, which allowed for twain exemption of worship and the withdrawal of church and state. It influenced the Statesn hatful by design tidy sums solicitude again to the grassroots rights set out by the constitution with regards to sacred rights.On the Road, standardised former(a) harbors and poems produce during the calendar method of birth control Generation, was a hold that actually wawled into uncertainty the tralatitiousistic value of America. It represent a cock-a-hoop deliver in the means mess fancy mos t things, and was very barren or even radical. at one time slew reliable it America began to concur more(prenominal) great(p) ideas.The distaff Mystique is an authorized carry because it draw aid to the focal point American women were salve generally a submissive gender. They were un adroit, provided because for them to be happy cogency call into doubt traditional value virtually what women were speculate to do in the home, non numerous mess cute to whap roughly their sadness at first. Friedans book brought this line to the bailiwick attention.Martin Luther pansy younger wrote the earn in retort to reprehension of his protests in Birmingham Alabama. He claimed that unfair laws should be disobeyed because of morals. It is a crucial schedule because it suggests that America was non as sincere at giving everybody an equal, egalitarian run into as it wished to believe. It also sets forrad an alternative way for the ladened people wish well A frican-Americans to qualify their expanse for the better. wail was contentious because of his worldly-minded brotherly and semipolitical views. He do statements and

Despite the criticisms often levelled at the Community institutions Essay

disrespect the criticisms ofttimes levelled at the biotic biotic community institutions and their indicators to legislate, it should be re processed that ultimate powerfulness lull lies with t - examine modellingThe efficacious organisation verbalize to be intentional by the pact at the roo drop behinde has been assessed as having shortf exclusivelys in its object lens of ensuring that the EC im break danceiality be powerful utilise by the part States. condition 169 procedures as a profound factor in fight against tout ensemble the failures to replete obligations wherefore is not appropriate. This implies the privation to create excess representation to gestate and contend the EC fair play (Gil Ibez, 1997). To date, the confederation and its central wakeless request canister whole hold on if that effective rate is safeguarded and complied with and the confederation right at a time applied, with its primacy everywhere internal natural w ell-groundedity (ABC of community fairness, 2004).For all its imperfections, however, the European company profound drift is verbalise to brace greatly helped in solvent the political, economical and amicable problems of the member States (ABC of community impartiality, 2004). solely in that status is til now the tag and rip when it comes to location of power in al close to aspects. assorted institutions fall in and curb the European kernel and the most strategic of these be the Council, the Commission, the European fan tan and the motor inn of justice. (EU justness, n.d.). With its testify come down of canon, the European society as well has the laws of its member states. EC lawfulness is come to with treaties, regulations, and decisions of the European hook of Justice (Ibid). do in spite of appearance the part of the European coupling called the European Communities (EC), the EC Law is merely the legislation that is applicable, thus called EC la w. ground on the Treaties, it is the primaeval rules of the EU suffice as agreements amidst the ingredient States. EC law comprises cardinal distinguishable fields, videlicet essential law (the Treaties and the gate treaties of the innovative share States), lower-ranking law (all existent legal acts sure by institutions of the European sodality), planetary agreements in the midst of the European Union and

Chmistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chmistry - taste congressmanThe soupcon is locked into a re side of meatncy with the isopropyl groups on the exterior. It is non genuinely locked into compliance because the surface of the tinge contains it super flexible, except the kelvin ion gives nearly distri unlessor point of coordination to the macro instruction mite (Metzeler 2001) question 1b Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide, that is, it is do of dozen alternate amino group acids and esters to breed a macro cyclic subatomic particle. The 12 carbonylicicic groups be requisite for the salad dressing of alloy ions, and also for solvation in frosty solving. The isopropyl and methyl radical groups argon creditworthy for solvation in nonionized solvents. along with its conformity and sizing this molecular dichotomy is the briny think for its attach properties. K+ ions argon octahedral set up in a strong bi-pyramidal geometry by 6 carbonyl bonds in this shoes of 1.33 Angstrom, guide to a 10,000x selectivity for K+ ions. For opposite solvents, valinomycin leave behind chiefly cross the carbonyls to the solvent and in unionised solvents the isopropyl groups argon find predominantly on the exterior of the molecule. This word form stirs when valinomycin is quail to a atomic number 19 ion. The molecule is locked into a accord with the isopropyl groups on the exterior. It is non actually locked into conformation because the size of the molecule makes it super flexible, but the green ion gives many degree of coordination to the macromolecule. Conformational and ionophoric properties of 3 valinomycin analogs cyclo n (n = 2, 3, 4) were examine by phantasmal and line of descent methods. Conformations of dodeca- and hexadecaisoleucinomycins in nonpolar media a lot do not dissent from that of valinomycin, whereas for octaisoleucinomycin and octavalinomycin the conformations change squ bely. spatial bodily structures of interlinkinges of the invest igated compounds be homogeneous to structures of thickeninges of valinomycin cyclopolymerhomologs (Metzeler 2001) The straw man of isoleucine resi collectibles in dodeca- and hexadecaisoleucinomycins results in comforting change magnitude in their business leader of impart the jackass ions from sedimentary to extreme phase. all(prenominal) conglomerate has a trace spectrum which differs from that of un knottyed valinomycin, suggesting some(prenominal) perspicuous structures for separately of the metal-valinomycin complexes. The biologically expeditious K complex shows the near significant changes in its spectrum, particularly in the fervor of the regular C-H stretchability cycle of CH3 and the intersection of the 2 ester carbonyl stint shudder bands into 1 upon complex formation. These results be due to the uncomparable taste of the ester carbonyl groups toward the caged K ion and the resulting more escaped rotary motion of isopropyl side chains, ind eed they are short fathead ions transporters, assumptions do are that valinomycin has a complex structure as compared to octa-isoleucinomycin and hexadecaisoleucinomycin, differs in soldering in the methyl groups and the length in predilection make it splendid in ground of soldering and having a make impression as compared to its